International Symposium for Global Sanitation: “The Sanitation Triangle: Socio-Culture, Health, Materials” was held on 14 October 2021, organized by “The Sanitation Value Chain: Designing Sanitation Systems as Eco-Community-Value System” Project, Research, Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) and supported by The Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University and “Innovative Africa: Educational Networking Programs for Human Resource Development in Africa’s SDGs.”
The symposium was held online (ZOOM), with 77 participants from Indonesia, Philippine, Zambia, Malawi, and Japan. The keynote speech was given by Prof. Naoyuki FUNAMIZU (Muroran Institute of Technology), which addressed the common problem of sanitation for developed countries and developing countries. Following the keynote speech, the eight presentations brought the Sanitation Triangle Model for global sanitation indicating the interconnections between Socio-culture, Health, and Material. They showed the theoretical implications of the model and the case studies by Prof. Taro YAMAUCHI (RIHN/Hokkaido University), Dr. Seiji NAKAO (Kyoto University), Dr. Mayu IKEMI (Sapporo International University), Dr. Sikopo NYAMBE (Hokkaido University), Dr. Hidenori HARADA (Kyoto University), and Dr. Ken USHIJIMA (Hokkaido Research Organization). After the presentations, Prof. Paul SHRIVASTAVA (The Pennsylvania State University) and Prof. Tetsu SATO (Ehime University) commented on them, and the discussions including the comments and questions by the participants were highly charged. At the end of the symposium, Prof. Taro YAMAUCHI gave the closing address, and the International Symposium for Global Sanitation was successfully concluded.
